Domain Registration Requirements: EU ccTLDs
1 May 2024 - 30 April 2025 (Requirements as of 6 June 2025)

ccTLD registry operator web sites and registrars who offer registrations for domains in ccTLDs served as sources for requirements.

EU ccTLD Phishing Domain Score Malicious Phishing Domain Score Registration Type Requirements
at
Austria		 2.5 1.2 NONE
Any individual or legal entity, irrespective of their nationality, place of residence, area of operations.		 No specific residency or nationality requirements, anyone can register a .at domain regardless of their location
be
Belgium		 1.3 0.2 OPEN, WITH REQUIREMENTS
Any individual or legal entity, irrespective of their nationality, place of residence, area of operations BUT subject to some form of identity verification.		 Must provide valid contact information, including a physical address and email. There are no specific residency requirements, both individuals and organizations from any country can register a .be domain
bg
Bulgaria		 no score no score RESTRICTED, STRICT REQUIREMENTS
E.g., proof of residency or business presence in country or EU		 Registrant must either be a Bulgarian citizen, a legal entity registered in Bulgaria, or a foreign entity with a registered Bulgarian trademark
cy
Cyprus		 no score no score 0pen, with requirements Registrant must either be a Cypriot citizen, a permanent resident, or a legal entity established in Cyprus. Additionally, foreign companies can register a .cy domain if they have a registered trademark in Cyprus or provide sufficient proof of business or cultural ties to Cyprus.
cz
Czech Republic		 1.6 0.5 0pen, with requirements No specific citizenship or residency requirements, allowing individuals and entities from any country to register a .cz domain. However, the registrant must provide valid contact information
de
Germany		 5.3 3.6 Restricted, strict requirements Registrant must provide a valid postal address in Germany as the administrative contact. This requirement ensures a local point of contact, although the domain owner can be based outside of Germany.
dk
Denmark		 1.1 0.2 Restricted, strict requirements Must provide a valid address in Denmark as part of the registration process, or use a proxy service that provides a local presence.
ee
Estonia		 3.0 0.9 Open, with requirements registrant must either be an Estonian citizen, a resident, a company, or an organization registered in Estonia. Foreign entities can also register a .ee domain if they have a local contact in Estonia.
es
Spain		 7.2 3.7 Restricted, strict requirements Registrant must either be a resident, a company, or an organization located within the European Economic Area (EEA), Switzerland, or have a connection to Spain. There are no specific documentation requirements for individuals, but companies may need to provide a VAT number or national identification number.
fi
Finland		 6.4 2.7 Restricted, strict requirements Must provide a valid Finnish Business ID, Personal Identity Code, or Association Registration number if registering as a company, organization, or individual based in Finland. If the buyer is an EU citizen, they can register the domain by providing their personal identification. Non-EU citizens or entities must have a local presence or a contact person within the EU to register a .fi domain.
fr
France		 5.9 3.2 Restricted, strict requirements Must be located within the European Union or in a country that is part of the European Economic Area. Additionally, the registrant must provide a valid postal address in one of these regions for the administrative contact. If the registrant is an organization, it must also be established within the European Union or EEA.
hr
Croatia		 2.9 0.5 Restricted, strict requirements Must be a legal entity registered in Croatia, or an individual with Croatian citizenship. Foreign companies can register a .hr domain if they have a registered subsidiary in Croatia. Additionally, a .from.hr domain is available for individuals, including foreigners, without such restrictions.
hu
Hungary		 1.3 0.1 Restricted, strict requirements Must be a Hungarian citizen, a resident of Hungary, or a company/organization registered in Hungary. Additionally, if you're not personally eligible, you can use a trustee service, which acts as a local contact within Hungary on your behalf. Domain registration also requires the submission of specific documentation to prove eligibility, such as a Hungarian tax number for companies or an ID for individuals.
ie
Ireland		 2.4 0.3 Restricted, strict requirements Must demonstrate a connection to Ireland, either through residency, citizenship, or a trademark. Businesses must provide proof of their trade in Ireland or intent to trade in the country. Additionally, individuals may need to provide identification, and businesses may need to supply documentation like a certificate of incorporation or evidence of a trademark.
it
Italy		 3.2 0.5 Restricted, strict requirements Must be a resident of the European Economic Area (EEA) or the European Union (EU), or have a company or organization established within these regions.
lu
Luxembourg		 3.0 0.8 None No specific geographic or residency requirements, making it available to individuals and organizations worldwide.
lv
Latvia		 2.5 0.7 Open, with requirements registrant does not need to be a resident or a company based in Latvia; the .lv domain is open for registration to anyone worldwide. Must provide accurate registrant information
mt
Malta		 no score no score Open, with requirements Must be a resident of Malta or have a local presence there, such as a company or organization registered in Malta.
nl
Netherlands		 2.2 0.9 Open, with requirements Must provide a valid postal address in the Netherlands; however, there is no requirement for the registrant to be a Dutch resident or citizen.
pl
Poland		 11.5 8.8 Open, with requirements Must provide personal or organizational information for registration purposes, including a valid contact email and address. Some registrars may require proof of connection to Poland for certain second-level domains, but generally, there are no strict nationality or residency restrictions for registering a .pl domain
pt
Portugal		 6.1 0.7 Restricted, strict requirements must either be a Portuguese citizen, a legal resident, a company incorporated in Portugal, or an organization that operates within the country.
ro
Romania		 7.2 1.1 Open, with requirements Must provide personal or organizational identification information. There are no specific citizenship or residency requirements, making it available to both Romanians and foreigners.
se
Sweden		 2.1 0.9 Open, with requirements must provide a valid contact address, whether you are an individual or a company, but you do not need to be a resident of Sweden.
si
Slovenia		 3.0 1.2 None Open to individuals and entities worldwide
sk
Slovakia		 2.4 0.5 Restricted, strict requirements Registrant must either be a Slovak citizen, a permanent resident of Slovakia, or a business entity registered in Slovakia.